![]() ![]() ![]() I think the only thing to be gleaned from this is that fibula fashion, both in how to wear them, and how they looked, changed between cultures and ages. Most reconstructions place the fibulae much higher than this one: The typical image from viking books has the woman wearing fibulae on her chest, perhaps with a string of beads between them. How fibulae were worn by viking women is still controversial. This is in fact very much the way brooches were worn on traditional costumes in the 18th century in Norway to close the shirt. People use the phrase Middle Ages to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. I believe the person on the left in this picture from the Oseberg hoard is wearing two brooches, one beneath the other. In Northern Europe there is archeological evidence from graves for pairs of fibulae used on female clothing in the viking age, but there are very few images or statues surviving. Both male and females could wear cloaks pinned on the shoulder. Quite likely the same type of brooch was worn by less affluent Romans. Major sites such as Hamwic and Dorestad typically dominate any discussion of early medieval trade and emporia - this study is altogether atypical in many. ![]() Roman military cloaks were normally worn pinned together on one shoulder, and it seems the crossbow fibulae, which were often well suited to bunching up heavy fabrics, were popular. The above link shows how the brooch was generally used by Romans. Early modern Europe, also referred to as the post-medieval period, is the period of European history between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, roughly the late 15th century to the late 18th century. However, there are statues and busts and engravings of more elaborate brooches. There are surprisingly few portraits or statues from Roman classical times showing crossbow fibulae, which have been found almost everywhere where the Romans went. ![]()
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